Europe's rail renaissance makes trains competitive on many corridors. Paris–London Eurostar, Barcelona–Madrid AVE, and Rome–Milan Frecciarossa often beat flying when you count city-centre stations and no security queues.
Night trains return on routes like Paris–Vienna and Amsterdam–Zurich — save a hotel night and wake in a new country. Book couchettes early in summer.
Interrail and Eurail passes suit multi-country hops for flexible travellers — calculate whether point-to-point tickets cheaper before buying. Seat reservations mandatory on many high-speed lines.
Fly into a hub, then rail outward: SnagAFlight finds long-haul bargains to Amsterdam or Frankfurt, then connect by train to smaller cities — lower carbon and often lower total cost.